Egg Retrieval or Puncture: Procedure, Side Effects, and Care

What is Egg Retrieval or Puncture?

Egg retrieval or puncture is one of the most important steps in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. This procedure is performed when natural fertilization cannot occur inside the uterus due to various reasons such as blocked fallopian tubes, pelvic adhesions, or low sperm count.

During egg retrieval or puncture, mature eggs are collected from the ovaries after the woman undergoes ovarian stimulation with hormonal medications. Approximately 34–36 hours after the final hCG injection, the eggs are removed using a thin needle guided by ultrasound through the vaginal wall. The procedure usually takes about 20–30 minutes under mild anesthesia, so the patient does not feel pain.

Once collected, the eggs are evaluated in the laboratory and fertilized with sperm. The resulting embryos are cultured for several days, and the healthiest ones are selected for transfer into the uterus to achieve a successful pregnancy.

Steps of Egg Retrieval or Puncture

Ovarian Stimulation with Medications
Hormonal drugs are prescribed to stimulate the ovaries so that multiple mature follicles develop. The growth of these follicles is monitored with ultrasound and blood tests.
Final Trigger Shot (hCG injection)
When follicles reach the appropriate size, a hormone injection is given to complete the final stage of egg maturation.
Egg Retrieval or Puncture
About 34–36 hours later, the egg retrieval procedure is performed. Under ultrasound guidance, a special needle is inserted through the vaginal wall to collect the eggs from the ovaries.
Laboratory Examination
The retrieved eggs are checked for quality and maturity. Only healthy mature eggs are used for fertilization with sperm in the IVF lab.

Side Effects of Egg Retrieval or Puncture

Egg retrieval or puncture is a safe and minimally invasive procedure, but some temporary side effects may occur, such as:

Mild abdominal or pelvic cramping
Bloating and a feeling of fullness
Light vaginal spotting or bleeding
Nausea or fatigue due to anesthesia
Rarely, infection, internal bleeding, or injury to surrounding tissues

Most of these symptoms are mild and disappear within a few days. However, if a patient experiences fever, severe pain, or heavy bleeding, it is important to contact the doctor immediately.

Post-Procedure Care After Egg Retrieval or Puncture

Proper care after the procedure helps reduce side effects and supports treatment success:

Rest: Light activities are fine, but avoid heavy physical work during the first 24 hours.
Hydration: Drink plenty of water and fluids to reduce bloating and support recovery.
Balanced Diet: Eat light, fiber-rich, and nutrient-dense foods to prevent constipation.
Avoid Sexual Intercourse: For a few days after the procedure, avoid intercourse to reduce pressure on the ovaries.
Take Prescribed Medications: Follow your doctor’s instructions for hormonal medications and supplements.
Regular Follow-Up: Attend all follow-up appointments and ultrasounds to ensure treatment continues smoothly.

Egg retrieval or puncture is a critical step in IVF treatment, allowing mature eggs to be collected and fertilized in the laboratory. Although it may cause mild side effects, it is generally safe and effective. With proper care and medical follow-up, this procedure significantly improves the chances of achieving a healthy pregnancy.