ovarian cyst

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What are ovarian cysts?

Ovarian cysts are small sacs filled with fluid that form inside or on the surface of the ovaries. The ovaries are part of the reproductive system. If you still have monthly periods, it means your ovaries produce an egg about once a month.

Many people become concerned about cancer when they realize they have cysts, but in most cases, cysts are not cancerous.

What are the symptoms of ovarian cysts?

You may not have any symptoms at all. Symptoms may include feeling pain and pressure in the lower abdomen on one side. The pain can be mild or sharp and intermittent.

Sometimes cysts may rupture or cause twisting of the ovaries, which is a serious problem. Contact your doctor immediately or go to the emergency department if you experience severe pain in the lower abdomen that does not go away. This type of pain is usually sudden and can make it difficult to walk. Along with pain, you may also experience nausea or light bleeding.

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Types of ovarian cysts:

There are different types of ovarian cysts. The most common ones include:
1. Follicular or Functional Cysts:
Follicular cysts occur when an egg grows and matures every month. To do this, the ovary develops a sac called a follicle. Sometimes the follicle grows but the egg does not mature, creating a cyst. If pregnancy occurs, the cyst may remain in the ovary for weeks or months. These types of cysts are not dangerous and usually resolve on their own.
2. Dermoid or Hair Cysts:
These cysts are among the most common types and may sometimes contain teeth, hair, or fat. They are usually not harmful, but doctors prefer to remove this type of cyst through surgery.
3. PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome):
In this condition, instead of growing a follicle, the ovary develops numerous small cysts. These cysts usually do not go away on their own but do not necessarily require treatment or removal. PCOS is treated with medication in cases not associated with cysts.
4. Endometriosis:
It is a condition where endometrial tissue is found in places outside the uterus. If this tissue is found in the ovary, it is called endometrioma. People with endometriosis may experience pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation or at other times, such as during sex, and may have difficulty getting pregnant.
5. Cancer:
Cancer is a rare condition of ovarian cysts, seen in about one percent of cases. Ovarian cancer is more common in older individuals or in those with a family history of ovarian cancer.
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What are the sizes of ovarian cysts?
Ovarian cysts typically measure around 2*1 inches but can grow larger.
Are there tests for ovarian cysts?
Yes, the most common tests include:
Imaging tests: The most common type is pelvic ultrasound. These ultrasound images show the presence and location of the cyst. Sometimes, doctors may also use MRI or CT scans.
Blood tests: To check for pregnancy or the possibility of cancer.

How are ovarian cysts treated?

Treatment depends on the cause of the cyst. Most people with cysts can still get pregnant. If one ovary is removed, pregnancy is still possible. If pregnancy does not occur, medication or new technology can be used.