what's PCO?

سندرم کم کاری تخمدان PCO
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that causes irregular periods, acne, increased facial hair, or thinning scalp hair. It can also lead to reduced fertility. Its prevalence is 8 to 5 percent among women. Individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome are often overweight or have weight gain.

How does PCOS occur?

In polycystic ovary syndrome, the ovaries do not function normally and produce excess testosterone. Normally, the ovaries produce very little testosterone, but in polycystic ovary syndrome, this amount is higher. Ovaries produce a follicle approximately once a month. During follicle growth, hormones are produced, and then hormones release the egg, which is called ovulation. But in individuals with polycystic syndrome, instead of increasing follicles, the ovaries produce many small follicles. Hormonal balance is disrupted, resulting in no ovulation each month.

What is PCOS?

Symptoms may include: Having fewer than 8 periods per year Thick, dark hair growth above the lip and chin, around the breasts, or on the lower abdomen Acne, oily skin Thinning scalp hair Difficulty getting pregnant without medication Weight gain or obesity (though not seen in all cases ofpolycystic ovary syndrome)
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If the symptoms are mild or moderate, is it necessary to visit a doctor?
Yes, polycystic ovary syndrome increases the risk of other problems in the body, including:
  • Diabetes
  • High cholesterol
  • Sleep apnea
  • Depression and irritability
  • Eating disorders, including overeating
  • Decreased libido

What tests should be done?

The doctor decides what tests to perform based on the patient’s age, symptoms, and stage of the disease.
Tests include:
  • Blood tests to measure hormone levels, blood sugar, and cholesterol
  • Pregnancy test if menstruation has stopped
  • Pelvic ultrasound
How is PCOS treated:
The most common tests are contraceptive pills, but there are other treatment methods to reduce symptoms, including:
Contraceptive pills: The main treatment for PCOS. These pills do not cure PCOS, but they alleviate many symptoms such as irregular periods, acne, and facial hair. They also reduce the risk of uterine cancer. Spironolactone is one of these drugs.
Progesterone: This hormone can induce regular periods if taken regularly. It also reduces the risk of uterine cancer. Most doctors use medroxyprogesterone or natural progesterone.
Metformin: This drug can increase the number of periods and regularize them. However, it is only effective in 50% of people. In people with diabetes, this drug helps lower blood sugar levels.
Topical medications or antibiotics to treat acne
Hair removal treatment with laser or electrolysis
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Can you personally treat PCOS?
Yes, if you are overweight or obese, weight loss can improve many of your symptoms. Even a 50% reduction in weight can be helpful. For example, losing 10 pounds of weight from a 200-pound individual can be beneficial.
What should be done for fertility?
Many people with PCOS have the ability to conceive, but usually those who are not overweight. If you are overweight, weight loss can help you have regular periods and increase your chances of fertility.
If you have lost weight but still have irregular periods, your doctor may prescribe medications to help with ovulation and increase your chances of fertility.
How should lifestyle be?
PCOS does not make many changes to your daily life, but it is important to consult with your doctor about treatment to help reduce your PCOS symptoms and prevent other problems.
Also, if you feel depressed or irritable, or have sexual communication problems, it is important to talk to your doctor. There are treatments for these issues.